Drawing the Disordered River in Late-Renaissance Tuscany
Caroline Murphy
Piero di Francesco di Donnino. Drawing of floods of the Orme River at Empoli, 1548. Pen and ink. Archivio di Stato di Firenze (ASF), Capitani di Parte Guelfa, Numeri Neri, 955 (unpaginated), Report #2. Photograph by Donato Pineider. Courtesy of the Ministero della Cultura, Archivio di Stato di Firenze.
Caroline Murphy, “Drawing the Disordered River in Late-Renaissance Tuscany,” Grey Room, no. 100 (Summer 2025): 6–35.
This article will proceed in four parts. After initially sketching out the political and institutional background of river administration in the early Duchy of Florence (which in 1569 would become the Grand Duchy of Tuscany), it will examine flood reporting in two sections. The first of these describes how such reports were commissioned in the first place and analyzes their conventional language, while the subsequent section assesses common visual strategies used by capomaestri to frame floods as actual or potential disasters. It concludes by considering how these images may have provoked a response from the ducal government in the form of increasingly centralized policies of alluvial control and territorial consolidation.